1、Shiro简介
1.1、Shiro 是什么?
Apache Shiro 是 Java 的一个安全(权限)框架。
Shiro 可以非常容易的开发出足够好的应用,其不仅可以用在 JavaSE 环境,也可以用在 JavaEE 环境。
Shiro 可以完成:认证、授权、加密、会话管理、与Web 集成、缓存等。
下载地址
官网:shiro.apache.org/
github:github.com/apache/shir…
1.2、有哪些功能?
-
Authentication:身份认证/登录,验证用户是不是拥有相应的身份
-
Authorization:授权,即权限验证,验证某个已认证的用户是否拥有某个权限;即判断用户是否能进行什么操作,如:验证某个用户是否拥有某个角色。或者细粒度的验证某个用户对某个资源是否具有某个权限
-
Session Management:会话管理,即用户登录后就是一次会话,在没有退出之前,它的所有信息都在会话中;会话可以是普通JavaSE环境,也可以是Web 环境的
-
Cryptography:加密,保护数据的安全性,如密码加密存储到数据库,而不是明文存储
-
Web Support:Web 支持,可以非常容易的集成到Web 环境
-
Caching:缓存,比如用户登录后,其用户信息、拥有的角色/权限不必每次去查,这样可以提高效率
-
Concurrency:Shiro支持多线程应用的并发验证,即如在一个线程中开启另一个线程,能把权限自动传播过去
-
esting:提供测试支持
-
“Run As”:允许一个用户假装为另一个用户(如果他们允许)的身份进行访问
-
Remember Me:记住我,这个是非常常见的功能,即一次登录后,下次再来的话不用登录了
1.3、Shiro架构(外部)
从外部来看Shiro,即从应用程序角度的来观察如何使用Shiro完成工作
-
Subject:应用代码直接交互的对象是Subject,也就是说Shiro的对外API 核心就是Subject。Subject 代表了当前“用户”,这个用户不一定是一个具体的人,与当前应用交互的任何东西都是Subject,如网络爬虫,机器人等;与Subject 的所有交互都会委托给SecurityManager;Subject 其实是一个门面,SecurityManager才是实际的执行者
-
SecurityManager:安全管理器;即所有与安全有关的操作都会与SecurityManager交互;且其管理着所有Subject;可以看出它是Shiro的核心,它负责与Shiro的其他组件进行交互,它相当于SpringMVC中DispatcherServlet的角色
-
Realm:Shiro从Realm 获取安全数据(如用户、角色、权限),就是说SecurityManager要验证用户身份,那么它需要从Realm 获取相应的用户进行比较以确定用户身份是否合法;也需要从Realm 得到用户相应的角色/权限进行验证用户是否能进行操作;可以把Realm 看成DataSource
1.4、Shiro架构(内部)
- Subject:任何可以与应用交互的“用户”;
- SecurityManager:相当于SpringMVC中的DispatcherServlet;是Shiro的心脏;所有具体的交互都通过SecurityManager进行控制;它管理着所有Subject、且负责进行认证、授权、会话及缓存的管理。
- Authenticator:负责Subject 认证,是一个扩展点,可以自定义实现;可以使用认证策略(Authentication Strategy),即什么情况下算用户认证通过了;
- Authorizer:授权器、即访问控制器,用来决定主体是否有权限进行相应的操作;即控制着用户能访问应用中的哪些功能;
- Realm:可以有1 个或多个Realm,可以认为是安全实体数据源,即用于获取安全实体的;可以是JDBC 实现,也可以是内存实现等等;由用户提供;所以一般在应用中都需要实现自己的Realm;
- SessionManager:管理Session 生命周期的组件;而Shiro并不仅仅可以用在Web 环境,也可以用在如普通的JavaSE环境
- CacheManager:缓存控制器,来管理如用户、角色、权限等的缓存的;因为这些数据基本上很少改变,放到缓存中后可以提高访问的性能
- Cryptography:密码模块,Shiro提高了一些常见的加密组件用于如密码加密/解密。
2、Hello World
2.1、快速实践
查看官方文档:shiro.apache.org/tutorial.ht…
官方的quickstart : github.com/apache/shir…
1、创建一个maven父工程,用来学习Shiro,删掉不必要的部分
2、创建一个普通的Maven子工程:hell-shiro
3、 根据官方文档,我们导入Shiro的依赖
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
<artifactId>shiro-core</artifactId>
<version>1.5.3</version>
</dependency>
<!-- configure logging -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
<version>1.7.26</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>1.7.26</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
复制代码
4、 相关配置文件
log4j.rootLogger=INFO, stdout
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m %n
# General Apache libraries
log4j.logger.org.apache=WARN
# Spring
log4j.logger.org.springframework=WARN
# Default Shiro logging
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro=INFO
# Disable verbose logging
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro.util.ThreadContext=WARN
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro.cache.ehcache.EhCache=WARN
复制代码
[users]
# user 'root' with password 'secret' and the 'admin' role
root = secret, admin
# user 'guest' with the password 'guest' and the 'guest' role
guest = guest, guest
# user 'presidentskroob' with password '12345' ("That's the same combination on
# my luggage!!!" ;)), and role 'president'
presidentskroob = 12345, president
# user 'darkhelmet' with password 'ludicrousspeed' and roles 'darklord' and 'schwartz'
darkhelmet = ludicrousspeed, darklord, schwartz
# user 'lonestarr' with password 'vespa' and roles 'goodguy' and 'schwartz'
lonestarr = vespa, goodguy, schwartz
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Roles with assigned permissions
#
# Each line conforms to the format defined in the
# org.apache.shiro.realm.text.TextConfigurationRealm#setRoleDefinitions JavaDoc
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[roles]
# 'admin' role has all permissions, indicated by the wildcard '*'
admin = *
# The 'schwartz' role can do anything (*) with any lightsaber:
schwartz = lightsaber:*
# The 'goodguy' role is allowed to 'drive' (action) the winnebago (type) with
# license plate 'eagle5' (instance specific id)
goodguy = winnebago:drive:eagle5
复制代码
public class Quickstart {
private static final transient Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Quickstart.class);
public static void main(String[] args) {
// The easiest way to create a Shiro SecurityManager with configured
// realms, users, roles and permissions is to use the simple INI config.
// We'll do that by using a factory that can ingest a .ini file and
// return a SecurityManager instance:
// Use the shiro.ini file at the root of the classpath
// (file: and url: prefixes load from files and urls respectively):
// 读取配置文件:
Factory<SecurityManager> factory = new IniSecurityManagerFactory("classpath:shiro.ini");
SecurityManager securityManager = factory.getInstance();
// for this simple example quickstart, make the SecurityManager
// accessible as a JVM singleton. Most applications wouldn't do this
// and instead rely on their container configuration or web.xml for
// webapps. That is outside the scope of this simple quickstart, so
// we'll just do the bare minimum so you can continue to get a feel
// for things.
SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
// Now that a simple Shiro environment is set up, let's see what you can do:
// get the currently executing user:
// 获取当前的用户对象 Subject
Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
// Do some stuff with a Session (no need for a web or EJB container!!!)
//通过当前用户拿到Shiro的Session 可以脱离web存值取值
Session session = currentUser.getSession();
session.setAttribute("someKey", "aValue");
String value = (String) session.getAttribute("someKey");
if (value.equals("aValue")) {
log.info("Retrieved the correct value! [" + value + "]");
}
// let's login the current user so we can check against roles and permissions:
//判断当前的用户是否被认证
if (!currentUser.isAuthenticated()) {
//Token 令牌
UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken("lonestarr", "vespa");
//设置记住我
token.setRememberMe(true);
try {
//执行登录操作
currentUser.login(token);
} catch (UnknownAccountException uae) {
log.info("There is no user with username of " + token.getPrincipal());
} catch (IncorrectCredentialsException ice) {
log.info("Password for account " + token.getPrincipal() + " was incorrect!");
} catch (LockedAccountException lae) {
log.info("The account for username " + token.getPrincipal() + " is locked. " +
"Please contact your administrator to unlock it.");
}
// ... catch more exceptions here (maybe custom ones specific to your application?
catch (AuthenticationException ae) {
//unexpected condition? error?
}
}
//say who they are:
//print their identifying principal (in this case, a username):
log.info("User [" + currentUser.getPrincipal() + "] logged in successfully.");
//test a role:
// 检查角色
if (currentUser.hasRole("schwartz")) {
log.info("May the Schwartz be with you!");
} else {
log.info("Hello, mere mortal.");
}
//test a typed permission (not instance-level)
//粗粒度
if (currentUser.isPermitted("lightsaber:wield")) {
log.info("You may use a lightsaber ring. Use it wisely.");
} else {
log.info("Sorry, lightsaber rings are for schwartz masters only.");
}
//a (very powerful) Instance Level permission:
//细粒度
if (currentUser.isPermitted("winnebago:drive:eagle5")) {
log.info("You are permitted to 'drive' the winnebago with license plate (id) 'eagle5'. " +
"Here are the keys - have fun!");
} else {
log.info("Sorry, you aren't allowed to drive the 'eagle5' winnebago!");
}
//all done - log out!
//注销
currentUser.logout();
//结束
System.exit(0);
}
}
复制代码
2.2、案例中的关键步骤
1、获取 SecurityManager
Factory<SecurityManager> factory = new IniSecurityManagerFactory("classpath:shiro.ini");
SecurityManager securityManager = factory.getInstance();
复制代码
2、通过 SecurityUtils 获取当前执行的用户 Subject
SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
复制代码
3、通过 当前用户拿到 Session
Session session = currentUser.getSession();
4、用 Session 存值取值
session.setAttribute("someKey", "aValue");
String value = (String) session.getAttribute("someKey");
复制代码
5、判断用户是否被认证
currentUser.isAuthenticated()
复制代码
6、执行登录操作
currentUser.login(token);
复制代码
7、打印其标识主体
currentUser.getPrincipal()
复制代码
8、注销
currentUser.logout();
复制代码
3、Spring集成Shiro
3.1、集成Shiro的步骤
1、 导入 SpringBoot 和 Shiro 整合包的依赖
<!--SpringBoot 和 Shiro 整合包-->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.shiro/shiro-spring-boot-web-starter -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
<artifactId>shiro-spring-boot-web-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.6.0</version>
</dependency>
复制代码
2、 编写自定义的 realm ,需要继承 AuthorizingRealm
//自定义的 Realm
public class UserRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {
//授权
@Override
protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principalCollection) {
//打印一个提示
System.out.println("执行了授权方法");
return null;
}
//认证
@Override
protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken) throws AuthenticationException {
//打印一个提示
System.out.println("执行了认证方法");
return null;
}
}
复制代码
3、 新建一个 ShiroConfig
配置文件
@Configuration
public class ShiroConfig {
//ShiroFilterBean 3
@Bean
public ShiroFilterFactoryBean getShiroFilterFactoryBean(@Qualifier("securityManager") DefaultSecurityManager securityManager){
ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactoryBean = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean();
shiroFilterFactoryBean.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
//设置shiro的内置过滤器
Map<String, String> filterMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
filterMap.put("/user/add", "perms[user:add]"); //authc 需要认证
filterMap.put("/user/update", "perms[user:update]");
shiroFilterFactoryBean.setFilterChainDefinitionMap(filterMap);
shiroFilterFactoryBean.setLoginUrl("/toLogin");
return shiroFilterFactoryBean;
}
//DefaultWebSecurityManager 2
@Bean(name = "securityManager")
public DefaultWebSecurityManager getDefaultWebSecurityManager(@Qualifier("userRealm") UserRealm userRealm){
DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager=new DefaultWebSecurityManager();
//关联UserRealm
securityManager.setRealm(userRealm);
return securityManager;
}
@Bean //1
public UserRealm userRealm() {
UserRealm realm = new UserRealm();
return realm;
}
// 整合ShiroDialect: 用来整合 Shiro thymeleaf
@Bean
public ShiroDialect getShiroDialect() {
return new ShiroDialect();
}
}
复制代码
3.2、测试
1、 登录拦截
在Shiro的配置文件的ShiroFilterBean中添加过滤器
//添加 Shiro 的内置过滤器=======================
/*
anon : 无需认证,就可以访问
authc : 必须认证,才能访问
user : 必须拥有 “记住我”功能才能用
perms : 拥有对某个资源的权限才能访问
role : 拥有某个角色权限才能访问
*/
设置 /user/addUser 这个请求,只有认证过才能访问
map.put("/user/addUser","authc");
map.put("/user/deleteUser","authc");
复制代码
2、用户认证
//登录的方法
@RequestMapping("/login")
public String login(String username, String password, Model model) {
//获取当前用户
Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
//没有认证过
//封装用户的登录数据,获得令牌
UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken(username, password);
//登录 及 异常处理
try {
//用户登录
subject.login(token);
return "index";
} catch (UnknownAccountException uae) {
//如果用户名不存在
System.out.println("用户名不存在");
model.addAttribute("exception", "用户名不存在");
return "login";
} catch (IncorrectCredentialsException ice) {
//如果密码错误
System.out.println("密码错误");
model.addAttribute("exception", "密码错误");
return "login";
}
}
复制代码
3、退出登录
//退出登录
@RequestMapping("/logout")
public String logout(){
Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
subject.logout();
return "login";
}
复制代码