OKHTTP解析之RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor重试机制

说明

OKHTTP内部存在诸多拦截器分别负责不同的功能,其中OKHTTP内部RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor 主要负责请求的重试机制,今天我们来看下OKHttp是如何实现重试机制的;

首先看下怎么开启或者关闭默认的重试机制;

OkHttpClient.Builder builder = new OkHttpClient.Builder();
builder.retryOnConnectionFailure(true);
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重试机制默认是开启的。

源码解析

RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor重试机制关键代码如下:

@Override public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
    Request request = chain.request();
    RealInterceptorChain realChain = (RealInterceptorChain) chain;
    Transmitter transmitter = realChain.transmitter();

    int followUpCount = 0;
    Response priorResponse = null;
    while (true) {
      // 1. 首先尝试去创建一个请求流,准备链接
      transmitter.prepareToConnect(request);

      if (transmitter.isCanceled()) {
        throw new IOException("Canceled");
      }

      Response response;
      boolean success = false;
      try {
       //2. 开始执行,进入后续拦截器,真正进行网络请求;
        response = realChain.proceed(request, transmitter, null);
        success = true;
      } catch (RouteException e) {
        // 3. 发生RouteException:路由链接异常的场景,请求不会被发送,抛出首次链接异常
        if (!recover(e.getLastConnectException(), transmitter, false, request)) {
          throw e.getFirstConnectException();
        }
        continue;
      } catch (IOException e) {
        // An attempt to communicate with a server failed. The request may have been sent.
        // 4. 发生IOException异常,是否可恢复判断逻辑参照上述RouteException判断逻辑
        boolean requestSendStarted = !(e instanceof ConnectionShutdownException);
        if (!recover(e, transmitter, requestSendStarted, request)) throw e;
        continue;
      } finally {
        // The network call threw an exception. Release any resources.
        if (!success) {
          transmitter.exchangeDoneDueToException();
        }
      }

      // Attach the prior response if it exists. Such responses never have a body.
      //5. 根据上一个Response结果构建一个新的response对象,且这个对象的body为空
      if (priorResponse != null) {
        response = response.newBuilder()
            .priorResponse(priorResponse.newBuilder()
                    .body(null)
                    .build())
            .build();
      }

      //6. 根据请求码创建一个新的请求,以供下一次重试请求使用
      Exchange exchange = Internal.instance.exchange(response);
      Route route = exchange != null ? exchange.connection().route() : null;
      Request followUp = followUpRequest(response, route);

     //7. 如果第六步构建的出来的Request为空,则不再进行,直接返回Response 
      if (followUp == null) {
        if (exchange != null && exchange.isDuplex()) {
          transmitter.timeoutEarlyExit();
        }
        return response;
      }

      //8. 构建的Request对象出存在请求body且为一次性请求,则直接返回Response,也不进行重试。   
      RequestBody followUpBody = followUp.body();
      if (followUpBody != null && followUpBody.isOneShot()) {
        return response;
      }

      closeQuietly(response.body());
      if (transmitter.hasExchange()) {
        exchange.detachWithViolence();
      }
      // 9. 判断当前重试次数是否已经到达最大次数(默认20),如果到达,则直接抛出异常
      if (++followUpCount > MAX_FOLLOW_UPS) {
        throw new ProtocolException("Too many follow-up requests: " + followUpCount);
      }
      //10.  如果上述没有抛出异常或者中断循环,则进入while循环,开始下一次重试过程
      request = followUp;
      priorResponse = response;
    }
  }
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1. 首先尝试去创建一个请求流,准备链接;

2. 开始执行,进入后续拦截器,真正进行网络请求;

3. 发生RouteException:路由链接出现异常,且多次重试后没有一次正常;然后判断当前路由异常是否可恢复,不可恢复的时候抛出FirstConnectException,可恢复则进行充实,具体判断逻辑如下:

/**
* 是否可恢复
*/
private boolean recover(IOException e, Transmitter transmitter,
      boolean requestSendStarted, Request userRequest) {
    // The application layer has forbidden retries.
    if (!client.retryOnConnectionFailure()) return false;

    // We can't send the request body again.
    if (requestSendStarted && requestIsOneShot(e, userRequest)) return false;

    // This exception is fatal.
    if (!isRecoverable(e, requestSendStarted)) return false;

    // No more routes to attempt.
    if (!transmitter.canRetry()) return false;

    // For failure recovery, use the same route selector with a new connection.
    return true;
  }

  private boolean requestIsOneShot(IOException e, Request userRequest) {
    RequestBody requestBody = userRequest.body();
    return (requestBody != null && requestBody.isOneShot())
        || e instanceof FileNotFoundException;
  }

  private boolean isRecoverable(IOException e, boolean requestSendStarted) {
    // If there was a protocol problem, don't recover.
    if (e instanceof ProtocolException) {
      return false;
    }

    // If there was an interruption don't recover, but if there was a timeout connecting to a route
    // we should try the next route (if there is one).
    if (e instanceof InterruptedIOException) {
      return e instanceof SocketTimeoutException && !requestSendStarted;
    }

    // Look for known client-side or negotiation errors that are unlikely to be fixed by trying
    // again with a different route.
    if (e instanceof SSLHandshakeException) {
      // If the problem was a CertificateException from the X509TrustManager,
      // do not retry.
      if (e.getCause() instanceof CertificateException) {
        return false;
      }
    }
    if (e instanceof SSLPeerUnverifiedException) {
      // e.g. a certificate pinning error.
      return false;
    }

    // An example of one we might want to retry with a different route is a problem connecting to a
    // proxy and would manifest as a standard IOException. Unless it is one we know we should not
    // retry, we return true and try a new route.
    return true;
  }
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上述代码逻辑如下:

1. 首先判断是否允许重试,根据我们创建请求的时候配置的重试开关,则不允许重试;
2. 第二层判断如果请求已经开始,且当前请求最多只能被发送一次的情况下,则不允许重试;
3. 判断当前请求是否可恢复的,以下异常场景不可恢复:
    a. ProtocolException,协议异常
    b. SocketTimeoutException,Socket链接超时且请求没有开始
    c. SSLHandshakeException && CertificateException :
        表示和服务端约定的安全级别不匹配异常,引起基本为证书引起的,这种链接是不可用的。
    d. SSLPeerUnverifiedException 
        对等实体认证异常,也就是说对等个体没有被验证,类似没有证书,
        或者在握手期间没有建立对等个体验证;
4. 判断是否存在其他可重试的路由,如果不存在,不允许重试;
5. 不属于上述情况判断可以重试;
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4. 发生IOException异常,是否可恢复判断逻辑参照上述RouteException判断逻辑;

5. 根据上一个Response结果构建一个新的response对象,且这个对象的body为空;

6. 根据请求码创建一个新的请求,以供下一次重试请求使用:会根据上一次的请求结果添加认证头信息,跟踪重定向或处理客户端请求超时等。

代码如下:

private Request followUpRequest(Response userResponse, @Nullable Route route) throws IOException {
    if (userResponse == null) throw new IllegalStateException();
    int responseCode = userResponse.code();

    final String method = userResponse.request().method();
    switch (responseCode) {
      case HTTP_PROXY_AUTH:
        Proxy selectedProxy = route != null
            ? route.proxy()
            : client.proxy();
        if (selectedProxy.type() != Proxy.Type.HTTP) {
          throw new ProtocolException("Received HTTP_PROXY_AUTH (407) code while not using proxy");
        }
        return client.proxyAuthenticator().authenticate(route, userResponse);

      case HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED:
        return client.authenticator().authenticate(route, userResponse);

      case HTTP_PERM_REDIRECT:
      case HTTP_TEMP_REDIRECT:
        // "If the 307 or 308 status code is received in response to a request other than GET
        // or HEAD, the user agent MUST NOT automatically redirect the request"
        if (!method.equals("GET") && !method.equals("HEAD")) {
          return null;
        }
        // fall-through
      case HTTP_MULT_CHOICE:
      case HTTP_MOVED_PERM:
      case HTTP_MOVED_TEMP:
      case HTTP_SEE_OTHER:
        // Does the client allow redirects?
        if (!client.followRedirects()) return null;

        String location = userResponse.header("Location");
        if (location == null) return null;
        HttpUrl url = userResponse.request().url().resolve(location);

        // Don't follow redirects to unsupported protocols.
        if (url == null) return null;

        // If configured, don't follow redirects between SSL and non-SSL.
        boolean sameScheme = url.scheme().equals(userResponse.request().url().scheme());
        if (!sameScheme && !client.followSslRedirects()) return null;

        // Most redirects don't include a request body.
        Request.Builder requestBuilder = userResponse.request().newBuilder();
        if (HttpMethod.permitsRequestBody(method)) {
          final boolean maintainBody = HttpMethod.redirectsWithBody(method);
          if (HttpMethod.redirectsToGet(method)) {
            requestBuilder.method("GET", null);
          } else {
            RequestBody requestBody = maintainBody ? userResponse.request().body() : null;
            requestBuilder.method(method, requestBody);
          }
          if (!maintainBody) {
            requestBuilder.removeHeader("Transfer-Encoding");
            requestBuilder.removeHeader("Content-Length");
            requestBuilder.removeHeader("Content-Type");
          }
        }

        // When redirecting across hosts, drop all authentication headers. This
        // is potentially annoying to the application layer since they have no
        // way to retain them.
        if (!sameConnection(userResponse.request().url(), url)) {
          requestBuilder.removeHeader("Authorization");
        }

        return requestBuilder.url(url).build();

      case HTTP_CLIENT_TIMEOUT:
        // 408's are rare in practice, but some servers like HAProxy use this response code. The
        // spec says that we may repeat the request without modifications. Modern browsers also
        // repeat the request (even non-idempotent ones.)
        if (!client.retryOnConnectionFailure()) {
          // The application layer has directed us not to retry the request.
          return null;
        }

        RequestBody requestBody = userResponse.request().body();
        if (requestBody != null && requestBody.isOneShot()) {
          return null;
        }

        if (userResponse.priorResponse() != null
            && userResponse.priorResponse().code() == HTTP_CLIENT_TIMEOUT) {
          // We attempted to retry and got another timeout. Give up.
          return null;
        }

        if (retryAfter(userResponse, 0) > 0) {
          return null;
        }

        return userResponse.request();

      case HTTP_UNAVAILABLE:
        if (userResponse.priorResponse() != null
            && userResponse.priorResponse().code() == HTTP_UNAVAILABLE) {
          // We attempted to retry and got another timeout. Give up.
          return null;
        }

        if (retryAfter(userResponse, Integer.MAX_VALUE) == 0) {
          // specifically received an instruction to retry without delay
          return userResponse.request();
        }

        return null;

      default:
        return null;
    }
  }
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会根据结果码返回不同的Request对象(返回空表示当前的请求跟踪是没有必要的,或者可应用的):

  1. HTTP_PROXY_AUTH(407):代理认证,需要进行代理认证(默认实现返回null,可以进行重写覆盖实现);

  2. HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED(401):未授权,需要进行授权认证(默认实现返回null,可以进行重写覆盖实现);

  3. HTTP_PERM_REDIRECT(307) 或者 HTTP_TEMP_REDIRECT(308) :临时重定向或者永久重定向,如果请求方法不为GET且不为METHOD,返回空,表示不允许重定向;

  4. HTTP_MULT_CHOICE(300) 多选项
    HTTP_MOVED_PERM(301) 永久重定向,表示请求的资源已经分配了新的URI,以后应该使用新的URI
    HTTP_MOVED_TEMP(302)临时性重定向,
    HTTP_MOVED_TEMP(303)表示由于请求对应的资源存在着另外一个URI,应该使用GET方法定向获取请求的资源

    这四种code对应的逻辑为:

    1. 首先判断是否允许重定向,不允许返回空;
    2. 然后判断结果里面locations头,是否可以解析,不可正常解析返回空;
    3. 结果返回scheme和请求的scheme不一致且不允许ssl重定向,返会空;
    4. 针对存在请求body的,如果可以重定向为GET,则构建GET请求,否则构建原有请求;
    5. 跨主机重定向时,删除所有身份验证头。
    6. 最后构建请求Request对象。
  5. HTTP_CLIENT_TIMEOUT(408):请求超时,逻辑如下

    1. 如果不允许重试,直接返回空
    2. 如果当前Response不为空,且只允许请求一次,则直接返回空
    3. 本次请求结果和上一次请求结果均超时,则放弃重试
    4. 解析结果相应头Retry-After(响应的 HTTP 报头指示所述用户代理应该多长时间使一个后续请求之前等待):
      如果当前Retry-After大于0,则返回空;
  6. HTTP_UNAVAILABLE(503):表明服务器暂时处于超负载或正在进行停机维护,现无法处理请求。

    1. 本次请求结果和上一次请求结果均返回503,则放弃重试
    2. 如果返回的Retry-After为0,没有任何延迟,则返回Request对象,否则返回空;

7. 如果第六步构建的出来的Request为空,则不再进行,直接返回Response

8. 构建的Request对象出存在请求body且为一次性请求,则直接返回Response,也不进行重试。

9. 最后判断当前重试次数是否已经到达最大次数(默认20),如果到达,则直接抛出异常。

10. 如果上述没有抛出异常或者中断循环,则进入while循环,开始下一次重试过程。

到此,重试机制RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor 分析结束。

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